sneak/Shared/Geometry.cs

using Microsoft.Xna.Framework;
using System;

// Design largely from https://noonat.github.io/intersect/.

namespace SemiColinGames {

  // Math functions that return floats rather than doubles, for convenience.
  public static class FMath {
    public const float PI = (float) Math.PI;

    private readonly static float[] degToRad = new float[360];

    static FMath() {
      for (int i = 0; i < degToRad.Length; i++) {
        degToRad[i] = PI / 180 * i;
      }
    }

    // Converts degrees to radians using a look-up table. Expects the input to be near [0, 360)
    // and will loop for potentially a long while if that's not the case.
    public static float DegToRad(int degrees) {
      while (degrees < 0) {
        degrees += 360;
      }
      while (degrees >= 360) {
        degrees -= 360;
      }
      return degToRad[degrees];
    }

    public static float Sin(double radians) {
      return (float) Math.Sin(radians);
    }

    public static float Cos(double radians) {
      return (float) Math.Cos(radians);
    }

    public static T Clamp<T>(T value, T min, T max) where T : IComparable {
      if (value.CompareTo(min) == -1) {
        return min;
      } else if (value.CompareTo(max) == 1) {
        return max;
      } else {
        return value;
      }
    }
  }

  public readonly struct Hit {
    public readonly AABB Collider;
    public readonly Vector2 Position;
    public readonly Vector2 Delta;
    public readonly Vector2 Normal;
    public readonly float Time;  // ranges from [0, 1].

    public Hit(AABB collider, Vector2 position, Vector2 delta, Vector2 normal) :
      this(collider, position, delta, normal, 0.0f) {
    }

    public Hit(AABB collider, Vector2 position, Vector2 delta, Vector2 normal, float time) {
      Collider = collider;
      Position = position;
      Delta = delta;
      Normal = normal;
      Time = time;
    }

    public static bool operator ==(Hit a, Hit b) {
      return a.Position == b.Position && a.Delta == b.Delta && a.Normal == b.Normal
          && a.Time == b.Time && a.Collider == b.Collider;
    }

    public static bool operator !=(Hit a, Hit b) {
      return !(a == b);
    }

    public override bool Equals(object o) {
      return o is Hit h && this == h;
    }

    public override int GetHashCode() {
      return (Collider, Position, Delta, Normal, Time).GetHashCode();
    }
  }

  public readonly struct Sweep {
    public readonly Hit? Hit;
    public readonly Vector2 Position;
    public readonly float Time;

    public Sweep(Hit? hit, Vector2 position, float time) {
      Hit = hit;
      Position = position;
      Time = time;
    }

    public static bool operator ==(Sweep a, Sweep b) {
      return a.Hit == b.Hit && a.Position == b.Position && a.Time == b.Time;
    }

    public static bool operator !=(Sweep a, Sweep b) {
      return !(a == b);
    }

    public override bool Equals(object o) {
      return o is Sweep s && this == s;
    }

    public override int GetHashCode() {
      return (Hit, Position, Time).GetHashCode();
    }
  }

  public readonly struct AABB {
    public readonly Vector2 Position;  // centroid
    public readonly Vector2 HalfSize;
    public readonly Tile Tile;

    public AABB(Vector2 position, Vector2 halfSize) : this(position, halfSize, null) {
    }

    public AABB(Vector2 position, Vector2 halfSize, Tile tile) {
      Position = position;
      HalfSize = halfSize;
      Tile = tile;
    }

    public static bool operator ==(AABB a, AABB b) {
      return a.Position == b.Position && a.HalfSize == b.HalfSize && a.Tile == b.Tile;
    }

    public static bool operator !=(AABB a, AABB b) {
      return !(a == b);
    }

    public override bool Equals(object o) {
      return o is AABB a && this == a;
    }

    public override int GetHashCode() {
      return (Position, HalfSize, Tile).GetHashCode();
    }

    public float Top {
      get { return Position.Y - HalfSize.Y; }
    }

    public float Bottom {
      get { return Position.Y + HalfSize.Y; }
    }

    public float Left {
      get { return Position.X - HalfSize.X; }
    }

    public float Right {
      get { return Position.X + HalfSize.X; }
    }

    public Vector2 TopLeft {
      get { return new Vector2(Left, Top); }
    }

    public Vector2 TopRight {
      get { return new Vector2(Right, Top); }
    }

    public Vector2 BottomLeft {
      get { return new Vector2(Left, Bottom); }
    }

    public Vector2 BottomRight {
      get { return new Vector2(Right, Bottom); }
    }

    public Hit? Intersect(AABB box) {
      float dx = box.Position.X - Position.X;
      float px = box.HalfSize.X + HalfSize.X - Math.Abs(dx);
      if (px <= 0) {
        return null;
      }

      float dy = box.Position.Y - Position.Y;
      float py = box.HalfSize.Y + HalfSize.Y - Math.Abs(dy);
      if (py <= 0) {
        return null;
      }

      if (px < py) {
        int sign = Math.Sign(dx);
        Vector2 delta = new Vector2(px * sign, 0);
        Vector2 normal = new Vector2(sign, 0);
        Vector2 hitPos = new Vector2(Position.X + HalfSize.X * sign, box.Position.Y);
        return new Hit(box, hitPos, delta, normal);
      } else {
        int sign = Math.Sign(dy);
        Vector2 delta = new Vector2(0, py * sign);
        Vector2 normal = new Vector2(0, sign);
        Vector2 hitPos = new Vector2(box.Position.X, Position.Y + HalfSize.Y * sign);
        return new Hit(this, hitPos, delta, normal);
      }
    }

    public Hit? IntersectSegment(Vector2 pos, Vector2 delta) {
      return IntersectSegment(pos, delta, Vector2.Zero);
    }

    public Hit? IntersectSegment(Vector2 pos, Vector2 delta, Vector2 padding) {
      float scaleX = 1.0f / delta.X;
      float scaleY = 1.0f / delta.Y;
      int signX = Math.Sign(scaleX);
      int signY = Math.Sign(scaleY);
      float nearTimeX = (Position.X - signX * (HalfSize.X + padding.X) - pos.X) * scaleX;
      float nearTimeY = (Position.Y - signY * (HalfSize.Y + padding.Y) - pos.Y) * scaleY;
      float farTimeX = (Position.X + signX * (HalfSize.X + padding.X) - pos.X) * scaleX;
      float farTimeY = (Position.Y + signY * (HalfSize.Y + padding.Y) - pos.Y) * scaleY;
      if (nearTimeX > farTimeY || nearTimeY > farTimeX) {
        return null;
      }

      float nearTime = Math.Max(nearTimeX, nearTimeY);
      float farTime = Math.Min(farTimeX, farTimeY);
      if (nearTime >= 1 || farTime <= 0) {
        return null;
      }

      // If we've gotten this far, a collision is happening. If the near time is greater than zero,
      // the segment starts outside and is entering the box. Otherwise, the segment starts inside
      // the box, so we set the hit time to zero.
      float hitTime = Math.Max(0, nearTime);
      Vector2 normal = nearTimeX > nearTimeY ?
          new Vector2(-signX, 0) :
          new Vector2(0, -signY);
      Vector2 hitDelta = Vector2.Multiply(delta, -(1.0f - hitTime));
      Vector2 hitPos = Vector2.Add(pos, Vector2.Multiply(delta, hitTime));
      return new Hit(this, hitPos, hitDelta, normal, hitTime);
    }

    public Sweep Sweep(AABB box, Vector2 delta) {
      // Fast-path case if the other box is static.
      if (delta.X == 0 && delta.Y == 0) {
        Hit? staticHit = Intersect(box);
        // TODO: I don't understand the original source here, but I think this is correct.
        return new Sweep(staticHit, box.Position, staticHit?.Time ?? 1);
      }
      Hit? maybeHit = IntersectSegment(box.Position, delta, box.HalfSize);
      if (maybeHit == null) {
        return new Sweep(null, Vector2.Add(box.Position, delta), 1);
      }
      Hit hit = (Hit) maybeHit;
      Vector2 hitPos = Vector2.Add(box.Position, Vector2.Multiply(delta, hit.Time));
      // TODO: why is this calculation made, and then thrown away?
      // Vector2 direction = Vector2.Normalize(delta);
      // Vector2 sweepHitPos = new Vector2(
      //   FMath.Clamp(hit.Position.X + direction.X * box.HalfSize.X,
      //       Position.X - HalfSize.X,
      //       Position.X + HalfSize.X),
      //   FMath.Clamp(hit.Position.Y + direction.Y * box.HalfSize.Y,
      //       Position.Y - HalfSize.Y,
      //       Position.Y + HalfSize.Y));
      return new Sweep(hit, hitPos, hit.Time);
    }
  }
}